짐바브웨 20년전 '토지 몰수' 백인 농장주들에 4조원 보상

2000년 식민역사 바로잡기로 무상 몰수…"역사적 전환점"

짐바브웨 '토지 몰수' 백인 농장주에 대한 보상 협정 서명식

뒤편 왼쪽이 음낭가과 짐바브웨 대통령. [신화=연합뉴스]

(요하네스버그=연합뉴스) 김성진 특파원 = 아프리카 남부 짐바브웨가 20년 전 토지를 몰수당한 전 백인농장주들에게 35억 달러(약 4조2천억원)를 보상하는 협정에 29일(현지시간) 서명했다.

AFP, 블룸버그 통신 등 외신에 따르면 2000년부터 로버트 무가베 당시 대통령은 4천500명의 대단위 백인 기업농들에게서 4천개 이상의 농장을 강제로 몰수했다.

장기 독재자이던 무가베는 영국 식민주의 시대의 잘못을 바로잡고 토지가 없는 흑인들에게 농지를 나눠준다면서 이 같은 토지개혁을 단행했으나, 때로 폭력을 동반해 논란을 빚었다.

이번 보상은 토지 자체에 대한 보상은 아니고 그 위에 지어진 농장, 관개시스템 등에 해당한다.

그러나 짐바브웨 정부는 경제난 속에 자금이 부족한 관계로 30년 장기 국채를 발행해 보상을 진행할 예정이다. 농장주들도 국제 금융시장에서 기채활동에 협조하기로 했다.

보상액의 절반은 1년 안에 지급하고 나머지는 5년내에 주기로 했다.

무가베 대통령은 과거 흑인들이 빼앗긴 토지를 되찾음으로써 역사적 과오를 바로잡는다면서 백인 토지 몰수를 단행했다.

그러나 비판론자들은 무가베의 '토지개혁'이 한때 '아프리카의 곡창지대'로 알려진 짐바브웨 경제의 근간인 농업을 해쳤다고 본다.

짐바브웨 하라레 외곽의 담배 농장

[로이터=연합뉴스 자료사진]

실제로 토지 몰수 후 경제 성장이 반 토막 난 이후 아직 회복을 못 하고 있다. 짐바브웨 경제는 700% 이상의 초인플레에 시달리고 연료와 식량이 부족하며 인구의 90% 이상이 정규직 바깥에 있다.

여기에는 미국과 유럽연합(EU)의 경제 제재도 한몫했다.

무가베 후임자인 에머슨 음낭가과 대통령은 이날 백인 보상안에 대해 "짐바브웨 토지 방침을 둘러싸고 역사의 한 시대를 마감하고 새로 시작하는 조치"라면서 "토지에 대한 기존 정책을 번복하지 않고 재확인하는 동시에 헌법에 기반해 법치와 재산권을 긍정한 상징적 의미가 있다"고 말했다.

백인 농장주 모임인 짐바브웨 상업농협회의 앤드루 파스코 회장도 "토지 갈등 20년 만에 해결책을 본 것은 기적에 가깝다"라며 반겼다.

한편 수도 하라레에서 이뤄진 이번 서명식은 페렌스 시리 농업장관이 사망한 지 몇 시간 만에 이뤄졌다. 시리 장관은 사망 당시 65세로 정부는 사인을 밝히지 않았다.

시리는 1982∼1985년 짐바브웨에서 2만명이 숨진 구쿠라훈디 학살을 주도한 혐의로 인권단체들의 비판을 받았다. 그는 당시 북한이 훈련시킨 제5여단을 지휘해 대량 학살과 고문을 자행한 것으로 알려졌다.

sungjin@yna.co.kr

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