미국 화웨이 제재 15일 발효…국내 반도체 기업도 판매 중단

삼성전자, SK하이닉스 등 화웨이 매출 단기 감소 불가피

"대체 매출처 나올 것"…스마트폰·5G 시장은 반사이익 기대도

(서울=연합뉴스) 서미숙 기자 = 미국의 중국 통신기업 화웨이에 대한 추가 제재가 15일 발효됨에 따라 삼성전자[005930], SK하이닉스[000660] 등 국내 메모리 반도체 기업도 영향을 받게 됐다.

8일 반도체 업계에 따르면 삼성전자와 SK하이닉스를 비롯한 글로벌 반도체 업체들은 15일부터 화웨이에 반도체 공급을 사실상 중단한다.

미국 상무부가 지난달 17일(현지시간) 화웨이에 대한 추가 제재로, 미국의 장비와 소프트웨어, 설계 등을 사용해 신규로 생산하는 반도체를 미국 정부의 사전 승인 없이 화웨이에 공급하지 못하도록 한 것이 15일부터 발효되기 때문이다.

폼페이오 기자회견장 모니터에 비치는 화웨이 로고

[워싱턴 AP=연합뉴스]

현재 반도체 시장에서 설계 소프트웨어부터 생산 장비까지 미국의 기술이 포함되지 않은 분야는 거의 없다.

이 때문에 중국 업체들을 제외하고, 미국의 영향력 아래에 있는 글로벌 반도체 기업들은 15일부터 대부분 공급을 중단할 것이라는 게 업계의 관측이다.

미국의 허가를 받으면 예외적으로 화웨이에 공급할 수 있지만 미국 정부가 어느 범주까지 라이선스를 부여할 지는 미지수다.

메모리 반도체가 주력인 삼성전자와 SK하이닉스도 화웨이 공급을 중단할 예정이다.

반도체 업계의 한 관계자는 "일정 시간이 지나 미국의 라이선스를 받아 화웨이에 납품할 가능성도 배제할 순 없지만, 당장은 15일부터 공급을 중단할 것으로 안다"고 말했다.

화웨이는 현재 삼성전자의 5대 매출처 가운데 한 곳이고, SK하이닉스 역시 화웨이가 매출의 10% 정도를 차지하는 판매처로 알려져 있다.

이에 따라 단기적으로 글로벌 반도체 업체들과 함께 국내 반도체 회사들도 타격이 예상된다.

화웨이는 최근 미국 추가 제재를 앞두고 상당량의 반도체 재고를 확보한 것으로 전해진다.

최근 D램 현물가가 상승하하는 이유 가운데 하나도 화웨이가 D램을 비롯한 반도체를 대거 사들여 재고량을 극대화하고 있기 때문이라는 게 업계의 분석이다.

그러나 장기적으로는 큰 영향이 없을 것이라는 관측도 나온다.

화웨이가 반도체 조달을 하지 못해 스마트폰 생산을 중단하면 오포, 비보, 샤오미 등 다른 중국 업체들이 반사이익을 얻어 판매가 늘어날 수 있어서다.

글로벌 스마트폰 시장에서 화웨이의 추격을 받는 삼성전자 입장에서도 스마트폰 점유율 격차를 벌릴 기회가 될 수 있다.

화웨이가 글로벌 점유율 1위인 5G 시장에서도 삼성전자 등의 반사이익이 기대된다.

업계의 한 관계자는 "메모리 반도체가 제재 대상이 된다면 국내 기업들도 단기적으로 피해는 예상되지만 일정 시점 뒤에는 화웨이를 대체할 통신업체로 반도체 공급이 늘어날 것"이라며 "단기 타격은 있겠지만 다른 플랜B를 만들어 낼 것"이라고 말했다.

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