[사이테크 플러스] "말라리아약 하이드록시클로로퀸, 코로나19 예방 효과없어"

미국 연구팀 "하이드록시클로로퀸 복용 환자들, 코로나19 감염률 차이 없어"

(서울=연합뉴스) 이주영 기자 = 신종 코로나바이러스 감염증(코로나19) 치료 효과를 놓고 큰 논란을 빚어온 말라리아 치료제 하이드록시클로로퀸(HCQ)이 코로나19 예방에도 효과가 없다는 연구 결과가 나왔다.

미국 FDA, 하이드록시클로로퀸 긴급 사용 취소 (PG)

[김민아 제작] 사진합성·일러스트

미국 케이스웨스턴리저브대학(CWRU) 연구팀은 국제학술지 '류머티즘질환 회보'(Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases)에서 루푸스와 류머티스관절염 환자 대상의 코로나19 감염 조사 결과 HCQ는 감염 예방 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다고 밝혔다.

연구를 이끈 멘델 싱어 교수는 "실험실에서 유망한 결과를 보여준 것이 인체의 복잡한 생물학적 환경에서 효과가 없는 것으로 밝혀지는 경우는 흔하다"며 "이 연구 결과는 HCQ가 일반인들에게 효과적인 코로나19 예방약이 될 수 없음을 시사한다"고 설명했다.

의료계는 HCQ를 자주 복용하는 전신홍반성루푸스(SLE) 환자와 류머티스관절염(RA) 환자들에 주목해왔다. 코로나19 유행 초기에 이들이 코로나19에 걸리지 않는다는 보고가 있었기 때문이다.

실제로 초기 실험실 실험 등에서는 항염증 작용을 하는 HCQ가 코로나19 바이러스를 억제한다는 결과가 나왔고, 코로나19 치료와 예방에 HCQ를 적용한 초기 임상에서 일부 긍정적인 결과가 나오기도 했다.

그러나 이후 많은 연구기관이 HCQ의 코로나19 치료 효과가 입증되지 않았다는 연구 결과를 내놨고, 미국 식품의약국(FDA)은 지난 6월 코로나19 치료 목적으로 허용했던 클로로퀸과 하이드록시클로로퀸에 대한 긴급 사용 승인을 취소했다.

그러나 브라질 등 일부 국가 정상이 HCQ의 효과를 계속 옹호하고, 코로나19 감염 초기 또는 경증 환자에 대한 HCQ 임상이 진행되고 있어 논란은 계속되고 있다.

연구팀은 이 연구에서 미국 내 36개 보건시스템에서 익명화된 전신홍반성루프스와 류머티스관절염 환자 159명의 데이터를 확보해 HCQ 복용이 코로나19 감염에 미치는 영향을 분석했다.

그 결과 전신홍반성루푸스 환자와 류머티스관절염 환자 모두 HCQ를 복용하는 경우와 복용하지 않는 경우 코로나19에 감염되는 비율에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. HCQ 복용이 코로나19 감염에 영향을 주지 않음을 시사하는 결과다.

싱어 교수는 "비교적 많은 SLE와 RA 환자 데이터를 바탕으로 한 이 연구의 신뢰도가 높다고 자신한다"며 "HCQ를 복용한 환자들의 코로나19 감염률이 줄지 않았다는 것은 HCQ가 체내에서 코로나19 바이러스를 억제하지 못하며, 효과적인 예방약이 될 가능성이 작다는 것을 뜻한다"고 말했다.

scitech@yna.co.kr

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